| Publication Request: 
|    >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
|    This file describes the contents of the heart-disease directory.
| 
|    This directory contains 4 databases concerning heart disease diagnosis.
|    All attributes are numeric-valued.  The data was collected from the
|    four following locations:
| 
|      1. Cleveland Clinic Foundation (cleveland.data)
|      2. Hungarian Institute of Cardiology, Budapest (hungarian.data)
|      3. V.A. Medical Center, Long Beach, CA (long-beach-va.data)
|      4. University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland (switzerland.data)
| 
|    Each database has the same instance format.  While the databases have 76
|    raw attributes, only 14 of them are actually used.  Thus I've taken the
|    liberty of making 2 copies of each database: one with all the attributes
|    and 1 with the 14 attributes actually used in past experiments.
| 
|    The authors of the databases have requested:
| 
|       ...that any publications resulting from the use of the data include the 
|       names of the principal investigator responsible for the data collection
|       at each institution.  They would be:
| 
|        1. Hungarian Institute of Cardiology. Budapest: Andras Janosi, M.D.
|        2. University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland: William Steinbrunn, M.D.
|        3. University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland: Matthias Pfisterer, M.D.
|        4. V.A. Medical Center, Long Beach and Cleveland Clinic Foundation:
| 	  Robert Detrano, M.D., Ph.D.
| 
|    Thanks in advance for abiding by this request.
| 
|    David Aha
|    July 22, 1988
|    >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
| 
| 1. Title: Heart Disease Databases
| 
| 2. Source Information:
|    (a) Creators: 
|        -- 1. Hungarian Institute of Cardiology. Budapest: Andras Janosi, M.D.
|        -- 2. University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland: William Steinbrunn, M.D.
|        -- 3. University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland: Matthias Pfisterer, M.D.
|        -- 4. V.A. Medical Center, Long Beach and Cleveland Clinic Foundation:
|              Robert Detrano, M.D., Ph.D.
|    (b) Donor: David W. Aha (aha@ics.uci.edu) (714) 856-8779   
|    (c) Date: July, 1988
| 
| 3. Past Usage:
|     1. Detrano,~R., Janosi,~A., Steinbrunn,~W., Pfisterer,~M., Schmid,~J.,
|        Sandhu,~S., Guppy,~K., Lee,~S., \& Froelicher,~V. (1989).  {\it 
|        International application of a new probability algorithm for the 
|        diagnosis of coronary artery disease.}  {\it American Journal of 
|        Cardiology}, {\it 64},304--310.
|        -- International Probability Analysis 
|        -- Address: Robert Detrano, M.D.
|                    Cardiology 111-C
|                    V.A. Medical Center
|                    5901 E. 7th Street
|                    Long Beach, CA 90028
|        -- Results in percent accuracy: (for 0.5 probability threshold)
|              Data Name:  CDF    CADENZA
|           -- Hungarian   77     74
|              Long beach  79     77
|              Swiss       81     81
|           -- Approximately a 77% correct classification accuracy with a
|              logistic-regression-derived discriminant function
|     2. David W. Aha & Dennis Kibler
|        -- 
|           
|           
|           -- Instance-based prediction of heart-disease presence with the 
|              Cleveland database
|              -- NTgrowth: 77.0% accuracy
|              --       C4: 74.8% accuracy
|     3. John Gennari
|        -- Gennari, J.~H., Langley, P, \& Fisher, D. (1989). Models of
|           incremental concept formation. {\it Artificial Intelligence, 40},
|           11--61.
|        -- Results: 
|           -- The CLASSIT conceptual clustering system achieved a 78.9% accuracy
|              on the Cleveland database.
| 
| 4. Relevant Information:
|      This database contains 76 attributes, but all published experiments
|      refer to using a subset of 14 of them.  In particular, the Cleveland
|      database is the only one that has been used by ML researchers to 
|      this date.  The "goal" field refers to the presence of heart disease
|      in the patient.  It is integer valued from 0 (no presence) to 4.
|      Experiments with the Cleveland database have concentrated on simply
|      attempting to distinguish presence (values 1,2,3,4) from absence (value
|      0).  
|    
|      The names and social security numbers of the patients were recently 
|      removed from the database, replaced with dummy values.
| 
|      One file has been "processed", that one containing the Cleveland 
|      database.  All four unprocessed files also exist in this directory.
|     
| 5. Number of Instances: 
|         Database:    # of instances:
|           Cleveland: 303
|           Hungarian: 294
|         Switzerland: 123
|       Long Beach VA: 200
| 
| 6. Number of Attributes: 76 (including the predicted attribute)
| 
| 7. Attribute Information:
|    -- Only 14 used
|       -- 1. #3  (age)       
|       -- 2. #4  (sex)       
|       -- 3. #9  (cp)        
|       -- 4. #10 (trestbps)  
|       -- 5. #12 (chol)      
|       -- 6. #16 (fbs)       
|       -- 7. #19 (restecg)   
|       -- 8. #32 (thalach)   
|       -- 9. #38 (exang)     
|       -- 10. #40 (oldpeak)   
|       -- 11. #41 (slope)     
|       -- 12. #44 (ca)        
|       -- 13. #51 (thal)      
|       -- 14. #58 (num)       (the predicted attribute)
| 
|    -- Complete attribute documentation:
|       1 id: patient identification number
|       2 ccf: social security number (I replaced this with a dummy value of 0)
|       3 age: age in years
|       4 sex: sex (1 = male; 0 = female)
|       5 painloc: chest pain location (1 = substernal; 0 = otherwise)
|       6 painexer (1 = provoked by exertion; 0 = otherwise)
|       7 relrest (1 = relieved after rest; 0 = otherwise)
|       8 pncaden (sum of 5, 6, and 7)
|       9 cp: chest pain type
|         -- Value 1: typical angina
|         -- Value 2: atypical angina
|         -- Value 3: non-anginal pain
|         -- Value 4: asymptomatic
|      10 trestbps: resting blood pressure (in mm Hg on admission to the 
|         hospital)
|      11 htn
|      12 chol: serum cholestoral in mg/dl
|      13 smoke: I believe this is 1 = yes; 0 = no (is or is not a smoker)
|      14 cigs (cigarettes per day)
|      15 years (number of years as a smoker)
|      16 fbs: (fasting blood sugar > 120 mg/dl)  (1 = true; 0 = false)
|      17 dm (1 = history of diabetes; 0 = no such history)
|      18 famhist: family history of coronary artery disease (1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      19 restecg: resting electrocardiographic results
|         -- Value 0: normal
|         -- Value 1: having ST-T wave abnormality (T wave inversions and/or ST 
|                     elevation or depression of > 0.05 mV)
|         -- Value 2: showing probable or definite left ventricular hypertrophy
|                     by Estes' criteria
|      20 ekgmo (month of exercise ECG reading)
|      21 ekgday(day of exercise ECG reading)
|      22 ekgyr (year of exercise ECG reading)
|      23 dig (digitalis used furing exercise ECG: 1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      24 prop (Beta blocker used during exercise ECG: 1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      25 nitr (nitrates used during exercise ECG: 1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      26 pro (calcium channel blocker used during exercise ECG: 1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      27 diuretic (diuretic used used during exercise ECG: 1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      28 proto: exercise protocol
|           1 = Bruce     
|           2 = Kottus
|           3 = McHenry
|           4 = fast Balke
|           5 = Balke
|           6 = Noughton 
|           7 = bike 150 kpa min/min  (Not sure if "kpa min/min" is what was 
|               written!)
|           8 = bike 125 kpa min/min  
|           9 = bike 100 kpa min/min
|          10 = bike 75 kpa min/min
|          11 = bike 50 kpa min/min
|          12 = arm ergometer
|      29 thaldur: duration of exercise test in minutes
|      30 thaltime: time when ST measure depression was noted
|      31 met: mets achieved
|      32 thalach: maximum heart rate achieved
|      33 thalrest: resting heart rate
|      34 tpeakbps: peak exercise blood pressure (first of 2 parts)
|      35 tpeakbpd: peak exercise blood pressure (second of 2 parts)
|      36 dummy
|      37 trestbpd: resting blood pressure
|      38 exang: exercise induced angina (1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      39 xhypo: (1 = yes; 0 = no)
|      40 oldpeak = ST depression induced by exercise relative to rest
|      41 slope: the slope of the peak exercise ST segment
|         -- Value 1: upsloping
|         -- Value 2: flat
|         -- Value 3: downsloping
|      42 rldv5: height at rest
|      43 rldv5e: height at peak exercise
|      44 ca: number of major vessels (0-3) colored by flourosopy
|      45 restckm: irrelevant
|      46 exerckm: irrelevant
|      47 restef: rest raidonuclid (sp?) ejection fraction
|      48 restwm: rest wall (sp?) motion abnormality
|         0 = none
|         1 = mild or moderate
|         2 = moderate or severe
|         3 = akinesis or dyskmem (sp?)
|      49 exeref: exercise radinalid (sp?) ejection fraction
|      50 exerwm: exercise wall (sp?) motion 
|      51 thal: 3 = normal; 6 = fixed defect; 7 = reversable defect
|      52 thalsev: not used
|      53 thalpul: not used
|      54 earlobe: not used
|      55 cmo: month of cardiac cath (sp?)  (perhaps "call")
|      56 cday: day of cardiac cath (sp?)
|      57 cyr: year of cardiac cath (sp?)
|      58 num: diagnosis of heart disease (angiographic disease status)
|         -- Value 0: < 50% diameter narrowing
|         -- Value 1: > 50% diameter narrowing
|         (in any major vessel: attributes 59 through 68 are vessels)
|      59 lmt
|      60 ladprox
|      61 laddist
|      62 diag
|      63 cxmain
|      64 ramus
|      65 om1
|      66 om2
|      67 rcaprox
|      68 rcadist
|      69 lvx1: not used
|      70 lvx2: not used
|      71 lvx3: not used
|      72 lvx4: not used
|      73 lvf: not used
|      74 cathef: not used
|      75 junk: not used
|      76 name: last name of patient 
| 	(I replaced this with the dummy string "name")
| 
| 9. Missing Attribute Values: Several.  Distinguished with value -9.0.
| 
| 10. Class Distribution:
|         Database:      0   1   2   3   4 Total
|           Cleveland: 164  55  36  35  13   303
|           Hungarian: 188  37  26  28  15   294
|         Switzerland:   8  48  32  30   5   123
|       Long Beach VA:  51  56  41  42  10   200

| This is from cleve.mod file:
| % ======================================================================
| % John Gennari
| % 3/13/90
| %
| % This is Dr. Detrano's database modified to be a real MIXED dataset.
| %
| % Attributes: 8 symbolic, 6 numeric.
| %  Age; sex; chest pain type (angina, abnang, notang, asympt)
| %  Trestbps (resting blood pres); cholesteral; fasting blood sugar < 120
| %  (true or false); resting ecg (norm, abn, hyper); max heart rate; 
| %  exercise induced angina (true or false); oldpeak; slope (up, flat, down)
| %  number of vessels colored (???); thal (norm, fixed, rever). Finally, the
| %  class is either healthy (buff) or with heart-disease (sick).
| %
| % Original atts: 
| %   age; sex (1,0); cp (1-4); trestbps; chol; fbs (1,0); restecg (0,1,2); 
| %   thalach; exang (1,0); oldpeak; slope (1,2,3); ca; thal (3,6,7);
| %   class att: 0 is healthy, 1,2,3,4 is sick.
| % ======================================================================

0, 1, 2, 3, 4.		| classes

| Note that according to the .names file:
|      Experiments with the Cleveland database have concentrated on simply
|      attempting to distinguish presence (values 1,2,3,4) from absence (value
|      0).  

| Note that there is a missing value in 6 instances.

age:		continuous.
sex:		0, 1.
cp:		1, 2, 3, 4.
trestbps:	continuous.
chol:		continuous.
fbs:		0, 1.
restecg:	0, 1, 2.
thalach:	continuous.
exang:		0, 1.
oldpeak:	continuous.
slope:		1, 2, 3.
ca:		continuous.
thal:		3, 6, 7.